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Sains Malaysiana 54(1)(2025):
93-108
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5401-08
Analisis Kinetik
bagi Segmen Bahagian Pinggiran Atas Badan semasa Melakukan Aktiviti Kehidupan
Harian
(Kinetic Analysis of Upper Extremity
Segment during Activities of Daily Living)
HASYATUN
CHE-NAN1,2 & AZMIN SHAM RAMBELY2,*
1Jabatan Matematik dan Sains Komputer, Kolej
Poly-Tech MARA Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 21 July
2024/Accepted: 13 September 2024
Abstrak
Pembangunan
model biomekanik untuk mendapatkan nilai kilasan dapat membantu mencegah
kecederaan daripada berlaku. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan model
biomekanik bahagian atas badan yang merangkumi lengan atas, lengan bawah dan
tangan untuk mendapatkan nilai kilasan sendi bahu, siku dan pergelangan tangan
semasa melakukan aktiviti menyentuh bahu kontra lateral, mencapai suis dan
menyikat rambut. Seterusnya, model biomekanik ini disahkan melalui perbezaan
antara nilai sudut uji kaji dengan nilai sudut anggaran menggunakan kaedah
berangka, Runge-Kutta peringkat kelima. Selain itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk
menganalisis dan membandingkan nilai kilasan semasa melakukan tiga aktiviti
kehidupan harian. Kajian ini melibatkan 20 orang subjek normal dalam lingkungan
umur 24-56 tahun dengan purata berat badan 72.9±16.5 kg. Aktiviti pergerakan
dirakam menggunakan Vicon Nexus 1.8.1 (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, England)
dengan kadar frekuensi 100 Hz. Melalui rakaman ini, data kinematik seperti
tempoh masa pergerakan, sudut, halaju dan pecutan sudut sendi diperoleh. Nilai
kilasan sendi diramal berdasarkan model anggota bahagian atas badan dengan
menggantikan data kinematik ke dalam persamaan dinamik songsang yang
diterbitkan menggunakan kaedah Kane. Pengesahan pemodelan menggunakan kaedah
Runge-Kutta peringkat kelima Butcher bagi memperoleh semula nilai sudut
anggaran menggunakan nilai kilasan yang telah dianggarkan. Peratusan ralat
relatif telah dihitung dan didapati ia tidak terlalu besar dengan nilai 0.038%
bagi nilai sudut bahu dan 0.019% bagi nilai sudut siku. Oleh itu, dapat
disimpulkan bahawa data sudut uji kaji dan data sudut anggaran adalah sepadan.
Seterusnya, nilai kilasan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian satu hala
(ANOVA). Hasil kajian mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan pada
semua parameter kinetik bagi ketiga-tiga aktiviti yang dikaji. Oleh itu, kajian
kinetik ini membantu memperoleh pemahaman tentang biomekanik pergerakan
menerusi nilai kilasan, yang seterusnya menyumbang kepada kemajuan dalam teknik
pemulihan dan reka bentuk ergonomik.
Kata kunci:
Analisis kinetik; anggota badan bahagian atas; kilasan; mencapai suis;
menyentuh bahu kontra lateral; menyikat rambut
Abstract
The
development of this model aims to obtain torque values that help prevent
injuries from occurring. Thus, this study aims to develop a biomechanical model
for the upper limb, which includes the upper arm, forearm, and hand, to obtain
torque values for the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints during daily activities
touching the contralateral shoulder, reaching for a switch, and combing hair.
Subsequently, this biomechanical model is validated by comparing the
differences between the experimental angle values and the estimated angle
values using the fifth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method. In addition, this
study is conducted to analyze and compare the kinetic data values while
performing three daily activities. The study included 20 normal subjects in the
age range of 24-56 years old, with an average body weight of 72.9±16.5 kg. The
activity was recorded using the Vicon Nexus 1.8.1 (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford,
England) system with a frequency rate of 100 Hz. Through this recording,
kinematics data such as movement time, angles, velocity, and angular
acceleration of upper limb joints were obtained. Torque joint values were
derived using the Kane’s method which was based on the upper extremity model by
applying the kinematics data to the inverse dynamic equation. Furthermore,
Butcher’s fifth-order Runge-Kutta method was used to determine the estimated
angle value using the already determined torque. The relative error percentage
was calculated and found that it was not too large, with values of 0.038% for
the shoulder angle and 0.019% for the elbow angle. Therefore, it was concluded
that the experimental angle data and the estimated angle data are consistent.
The data were then analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The
results indicated there is no significant differences in any of the kinetic
parameters for all three analyzed activities. Therefore, this kinetic study can
help us gain some insights into the biomechanics of movement using torque
value, which later will improve rehabilitation techniques and ergonomic design.
Keywords: Hair
combing; kinetic analysis; reaching switch; torque; touching contralateral
shoulder; upper extremity
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